|
The Guides Newsletter – Important Clinical Concepts
from Past Issues
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) and
the Lower Extremities by Craig M. Uejo MD, MPH
This is the seventh in a series of articles
written to assist evaluators in their use and interpretation
of The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent
Impairment, Fifth Edition. It will be used to help
summarize key points of clarification documented in past
issues of The Guides Newsletter. References to specific
issues will be provided to allow anyone the opportunity to
review the entire issue/article for assistance in
understanding and accuracy of reporting.
This article discusses the issues of rating
CRPS in the lower extremities. This issue was discussed in the
Questions and Answers section of the May/June 2004 edition of
The Guides Newsletter.
Causalgia and Complex Regional Pain
SyndromeThese conditions are technically rated
based on section 17.2m, Causalgia and Complex Regional Pain
Syndrome on page 136 of the AMA Guides, 5th ed. (page
533). This page references Chapter 13, The Central and
Peripheral Nervous System rating methodology for gait
disturbance. However, evaluators should also consider the
upper extremity chapter, Chapter 16 which addresses the
diagnostic criteria established in the AMA Guides for
CRPS I (RSD) or II (Causalgia). As noted in the Guides
Newsletter issue:
Question: In assessing a rating for complex
regional pain syndrome (CRPS) of the lower extremity, must an
individual meet the criteria established on Table 16-16
utilized when rating the upper extremity for CRPS?
Answer: Section 17.2m, Causalgia and Complex
Regional Pain Syndrome (5th ed. 533), References Chapter 13.
The Central and Peripheral Nervous System: however, the
section does not make reference to Chapter 16, Upper
Extremities. Section 13.8 states, “The new term complex
regional term syndrome, type I and type II, is not used here
since it does not represent a single diagnostic criteria” (5th
ed. 343).
Many controversies are associated with the diagnosis of
CRPS, including diagnostic criteria. The definition provided
in 1994 by the International Association for the Study of Pain
(IASP) has been criticized for being too liberal and resulting
in false positive diagnoses.
Subsequently, proposed modified research criteria for CRPS
have been developed, which are stricter (Harden et al, 1999,
Bruehel et al, 1999). The criteria provided in Chapter 16 in
Table 16-16, Objective Diagnostic Criteria for CRPS (5th ed.
496), are even stricter. As diagnostic criteria become
stricter, the probability of false negatives increases.
No language within the Guides states that the diagnostic
criteria for CRPS in Chapter 16 apply to cases rated by
Chapter 17. The rating of CRPS is approached differently in
Chapters 17 and 13 vs Chapter 16 and 18. The clinician,
however, must be able to provide an adequate basis to support
the diagnosis of CRPS and not make the diagnosis solely on
pain complaints. -Christopher Brigham, MD
- 1. Bruehl S, Harden RN, Galer BS, Saltz S, Bertram M,
Backonja M, Gayles R, Rudin N Bhugra MK, Stanton-Hicks M.
External validation of IASP diagnostic criteria for complex
regional pain syndrome and proposed research diagnosis
criteria. Pain. May 1999:81 (1-2): 147-154.
- 2. Harden RN, Bruehl S. Galer BS, Saltz S, Bertram M.
Backonja M, Gayles R, Rudin N, Bhugra MK, Staton-Hicks M.
Complex regional pain syndrome are the IASP diagnostic
criteria valid and sufficiently comprehensive? Pain.
November 1999;83 (2): 211- 219.
In summary:
CRPS cases should be rated by the appropriate methodologies
outlined for the specific body region, however, prior to
rating the AMA Guides 5th ed. Diagnostic Criteria for
CRPS should be utilized to support the diagnosis of CRPS.
Without an established diagnosis, no rating for CRPS should be
entertained.
Look for additional articles in this series,
The Guides Newsletter – Important Clinical Concepts
from Past Issues, coming in upcoming issues of this Brigham
and Associates Ezine.
Subscribe to the Guides Newsletter
|
|
|
Happy Holidays!
We hope you are all enjoying your families and friends
during this year's holidays. We have many useful resources for
you in this month's eZine. Do not miss the requested webinar
on December 19 where your questions about psychological
workers' compensation claims will be answered. In advance you
will have an opportunity to submit questions.
In the holiday spirit we are providing special savings on
our newest DVD and on GuidesIQ.
We appreciate the opportunity to be of service. Have a safe
& happy holiday season!
|
|
|
|
|
Physical Examination Essentials DVD - Pre-Release
Offering |
|
Do you know how to perform the examinations exactly as
specified in the AMA Guides? Most physicians do not.
These skills are absolutely essential. As a physician - are
you certain that you are performing the evaluation as
required? As an attorney or claims manager - do you know what
is required for a correct examination and how to challenge an
incorrect one?
In this new DVD learn from the experts
how to perform a required impairment evaluation physical exam.
All physicians and reviewers of reports must be knowledgeable
of this content which is superbly demonstrated by experienced
clinicians, step-by-step. Principles are explained and the
required examinations are demonstrated.
As a result of viewing this program you will be able to
perform:
- spinal inclinometry
- extremity evaluation
- assessment of each joint and special required testing
- accurate neurological evaluation - including two- point
discrimination, monofilament testing & strength
evaluation)
- & Much More!
This is a necessity for anyone involved in performing
physical exams or reviewing impairment reports. Call or Click
below to Save $50 off this exceptional DVD! The DVD will be
shipped prior to December 25; give yourself the gift you need.
Don't miss this special price - only available
until the end of the year. Make this a 2006 investment. Do not
wait. |
|
Purchase now for $147 - $50
Savings. |
|
|
GuidesIQ
Continues to Receive Rave Reviews! |
|
This on demand AMA Guides training contains over 60 modules
of training on the Guides! View a complimentary video of how
to assess impairment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome at
www.guidesiq.com
- Easy to Use Video Demonstrations
- Available 24 Hours a Day
- Necessity for all Physicians, Claims Professionals &
Attorneys reviewing or performing impairment reports
- Daily, weekly, monthly & yearly subscriptions
- Monthly conference calls for all subscribers with Dr.
Brigham
- Holiday Discount - $200 off annual subscription!
- Subscribe now and have unlimited access to Guides
training whenever you need it!
- Subscribe NOW & Save!
The following is an
unsolicited testimonial from one of our subscribers, Max
Moses, MD, an orthopedic surgeon from California.
“I
have attended many seminars, in the past two years, on the
Guides 5th edition. I must say that the Guides IQ is the most
complete and most enjoyable. It has been said that if you want
to go to sleep, open and read the 5th edition. If you want to
learn in an easy and relaxing manner, listen to Guides IQ. It
is made for beginner and veteran alike. It is the best program
I have ever used.”
If you have questions on GuidesIQ,
please contact webmaster@guidesiq.com or call
866.848.9205.
GuidesIQ is the equivalent of 3 to 4 days of seminars. You
can access the resources whenever necessary – to build
knowledge and to manage a specific case. The resource is
available on a membership model: members pay a modest annual
subscription – a fraction of the true cost associated with
attending a meeting.
What does it contain?
- Video presentations on the AMA Guides – 5th and 4th
editions – demonstration of proper examination techniques
- Online self-assessment
- Digital publications
- Members only forum and monthly teleconference calls, and
much more!
Register Now!
- Price: $697.00/annual subscription (This reflects a
special $200 savings available only until December 31. Make
this a 2006 investment.)
- Register: www.guidesiq.com
- Your satisfaction is fully guaranteed!
- Multiple-User Discounts Available
|
|
Register for GuidesIQ today - you need this
resource. |
|
|
Chapter
Highlights of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent
Impairment, Fifth Edition |
|
Chapter Four: The Cardiovascular System: Systemic and
Pulmonary Arteries By Aimee Lazell, CIR, WCCP
This article is the fourth in a series intended to
point out a few of the highlights from each chapter of the AMA
Guides.
This article will discuss important points of reference for
Chapter Four which addresses the cardiovascular system,
specifically the systemic and pulmonary arteries. This chapter
is used more frequently than the previous chapter which
addressed the heart and aorta. The conditions addressed in
chapter 4 include hypertensive cardiovascular disease,
peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.
As in the previous discussion on the cardiovascular system,
specialized testing is required to be performed in order to
accurately evaluate the level of permanent impairment in this
chapter.
Expert knowledge in this field of medicine is required for
performing and interpreting the necessary testing and applying
an impairment analysis. The physician performing an impairment
rating according to this chapter should be well experienced in
the application of the Guides.
Section 4.1 Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease is used for
rating hypertension. Table 4-1 Classification of Hypertension
in Adults (5th ed., 66) categorizes hypertension as stage 1,
2, or 3 based on blood pressure measurements. According to
Table 4-2 Criteria for “Rating Permanent Impairment Due to
Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease", the patient must have at
least stage 1 hypertension or have a history of hypertension
which is controlled with antihypertensive medication.
Section 4.3 Vascular Diseases Affecting the Extremities
covers the issues of vascular disease in the upper extremities
using Table 4-4 (5th ed., 74) and the lower extremities using
Table 4-5 (5th ed., 76). In order to rate impairment using
this section a specific diagnosis of vascular disease must be
established.
Section 4.4 Diseases of the Pulmonary Arteries requires
specialized testing be performed by a skilled physician.
Evaluation of impairment in this section must also be
evaluated by a physician experienced in the use of the
Guides
Watch for the next article in the series, which will
highlight sections of Chapter 5 The Respiratory System.
|
|
Read Past Articles Here |
|
|
Webinar -
December 19 - Psychological Workers' Compensation Claims -
Answers to Your Unanswered Questions |
|
Date: December 19, 2006 Time: 1:00 pm
Pacific, 2:00 pm Mountain, 3:00 pm Central, 4:00 pm Eastern,
11:00 am Hawaiian
Participate with us in this new
webinar series to increase your practical understanding of how
to manage psychological workers’ compensation claims. Your
leaders, Drs. Norma and Steve Leclair, are experienced mental
health professionals with the unique experience of working
both as clinicians and directly with employers, workers’
compensation carriers and disability insurers. What
information is relevant when you are determining the
work-relatedness of a psychological disorder? How do you
assess if the claimant has reached a point of maximum medical
improvement? How do you evaluate the validity of an impairment
classification for a psychological disorder, based on the AMA
Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment? What
information do you need from the mental health provider and
what are the most effective ways to communicate with the
provider? We will provide insights into these challenging
questions and many others.
Submit
your unanswered question at
www.impairment.com/askleclair.htm
Register in
advance, attendance is limited. You will find this client
appreciation webinar of great benefit. |
|
Register for this Event - Limited
Attendance |
| |