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Additional Guides Resources & Articles
December 13, 2006

in this issue

The Guides Newsletter – Important Clinical Concepts from Past Issues

Physical Examination Essentials DVD - Pre-Release Offering

GuidesIQ Continues to Receive Rave Reviews!

Chapter Highlights of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition

Webinar - December 19 - Psychological Workers' Compensation Claims - Answers to Your Unanswered Questions


 

The Guides Newsletter – Important Clinical Concepts from Past Issues
Guides Newsletter

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) and the Lower Extremities
by Craig M. Uejo MD, MPH

This is the seventh in a series of articles written to assist evaluators in their use and interpretation of The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition. It will be used to help summarize key points of clarification documented in past issues of The Guides Newsletter. References to specific issues will be provided to allow anyone the opportunity to review the entire issue/article for assistance in understanding and accuracy of reporting.

This article discusses the issues of rating CRPS in the lower extremities. This issue was discussed in the Questions and Answers section of the May/June 2004 edition of The Guides Newsletter.

Causalgia and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
These conditions are technically rated based on section 17.2m, Causalgia and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome on page 136 of the AMA Guides, 5th ed. (page 533). This page references Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System rating methodology for gait disturbance. However, evaluators should also consider the upper extremity chapter, Chapter 16 which addresses the diagnostic criteria established in the AMA Guides for CRPS I (RSD) or II (Causalgia).

As noted in the Guides Newsletter issue:

  • Question: In assessing a rating for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) of the lower extremity, must an individual meet the criteria established on Table 16-16 utilized when rating the upper extremity for CRPS?

  • Answer: Section 17.2m, Causalgia and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (5th ed. 533), References Chapter 13. The Central and Peripheral Nervous System: however, the section does not make reference to Chapter 16, Upper Extremities. Section 13.8 states, “The new term complex regional term syndrome, type I and type II, is not used here since it does not represent a single diagnostic criteria” (5th ed. 343).

    Many controversies are associated with the diagnosis of CRPS, including diagnostic criteria. The definition provided in 1994 by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has been criticized for being too liberal and resulting in false positive diagnoses.

    Subsequently, proposed modified research criteria for CRPS have been developed, which are stricter (Harden et al, 1999, Bruehel et al, 1999). The criteria provided in Chapter 16 in Table 16-16, Objective Diagnostic Criteria for CRPS (5th ed. 496), are even stricter. As diagnostic criteria become stricter, the probability of false negatives increases.

    No language within the Guides states that the diagnostic criteria for CRPS in Chapter 16 apply to cases rated by Chapter 17. The rating of CRPS is approached differently in Chapters 17 and 13 vs Chapter 16 and 18. The clinician, however, must be able to provide an adequate basis to support the diagnosis of CRPS and not make the diagnosis solely on pain complaints. -Christopher Brigham, MD

      1. 1. Bruehl S, Harden RN, Galer BS, Saltz S, Bertram M, Backonja M, Gayles R, Rudin N Bhugra MK, Stanton-Hicks M. External validation of IASP diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome and proposed research diagnosis criteria. Pain. May 1999:81 (1-2): 147-154.
      2. 2. Harden RN, Bruehl S. Galer BS, Saltz S, Bertram M. Backonja M, Gayles R, Rudin N, Bhugra MK, Staton-Hicks M. Complex regional pain syndrome are the IASP diagnostic criteria valid and sufficiently comprehensive? Pain. November 1999;83 (2): 211- 219.

      In summary:

      CRPS cases should be rated by the appropriate methodologies outlined for the specific body region, however, prior to rating the AMA Guides 5th ed. Diagnostic Criteria for CRPS should be utilized to support the diagnosis of CRPS. Without an established diagnosis, no rating for CRPS should be entertained.

      Look for additional articles in this series, The Guides Newsletter – Important Clinical Concepts from Past Issues, coming in upcoming issues of this Brigham and Associates Ezine.

      Subscribe to the Guides Newsletter


    • Happy Holidays!

      We hope you are all enjoying your families and friends during this year's holidays. We have many useful resources for you in this month's eZine. Do not miss the requested webinar on December 19 where your questions about psychological workers' compensation claims will be answered. In advance you will have an opportunity to submit questions.

      In the holiday spirit we are providing special savings on our newest DVD and on GuidesIQ.

      We appreciate the opportunity to be of service. Have a safe & happy holiday season!


    • Physical Examination Essentials DVD - Pre-Release Offering
    • Physical Examination DVD Cover

      Do you know how to perform the examinations exactly as specified in the AMA Guides? Most physicians do not. These skills are absolutely essential. As a physician - are you certain that you are performing the evaluation as required? As an attorney or claims manager - do you know what is required for a correct examination and how to challenge an incorrect one?

      In this new DVD learn from the experts how to perform a required impairment evaluation physical exam. All physicians and reviewers of reports must be knowledgeable of this content which is superbly demonstrated by experienced clinicians, step-by-step. Principles are explained and the required examinations are demonstrated.

      As a result of viewing this program you will be able to perform:

      • spinal inclinometry
      • extremity evaluation
      • assessment of each joint and special required testing
      • accurate neurological evaluation - including two- point discrimination, monofilament testing & strength evaluation)
      • & Much More!

      This is a necessity for anyone involved in performing physical exams or reviewing impairment reports. Call or Click below to Save $50 off this exceptional DVD! The DVD will be shipped prior to December 25; give yourself the gift you need.

      Don't miss this special price - only available until the end of the year. Make this a 2006 investment. Do not wait.

      Purchase now for $147 - $50 Savings.
    • GuidesIQ Continues to Receive Rave Reviews!
    • GuidesIQ Logo

      This on demand AMA Guides training contains over 60 modules of training on the Guides! View a complimentary video of how to assess impairment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome at www.guidesiq.com

      • Easy to Use Video Demonstrations
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      • Necessity for all Physicians, Claims Professionals & Attorneys reviewing or performing impairment reports
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      The following is an unsolicited testimonial from one of our subscribers, Max Moses, MD, an orthopedic surgeon from California.

      “I have attended many seminars, in the past two years, on the Guides 5th edition. I must say that the Guides IQ is the most complete and most enjoyable. It has been said that if you want to go to sleep, open and read the 5th edition. If you want to learn in an easy and relaxing manner, listen to Guides IQ. It is made for beginner and veteran alike. It is the best program I have ever used.”

      If you have questions on GuidesIQ, please contact webmaster@guidesiq.com or call 866.848.9205.

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    • Chapter Highlights of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition
    • AMA Guides

      Chapter Four: The Cardiovascular System: Systemic and Pulmonary Arteries
      By Aimee Lazell, CIR, WCCP

      This article is the fourth in a series intended to point out a few of the highlights from each chapter of the AMA Guides.

      This article will discuss important points of reference for Chapter Four which addresses the cardiovascular system, specifically the systemic and pulmonary arteries. This chapter is used more frequently than the previous chapter which addressed the heart and aorta. The conditions addressed in chapter 4 include hypertensive cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.

      As in the previous discussion on the cardiovascular system, specialized testing is required to be performed in order to accurately evaluate the level of permanent impairment in this chapter.

      Expert knowledge in this field of medicine is required for performing and interpreting the necessary testing and applying an impairment analysis. The physician performing an impairment rating according to this chapter should be well experienced in the application of the Guides.

      Section 4.1 Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease is used for rating hypertension. Table 4-1 Classification of Hypertension in Adults (5th ed., 66) categorizes hypertension as stage 1, 2, or 3 based on blood pressure measurements. According to Table 4-2 Criteria for “Rating Permanent Impairment Due to Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease", the patient must have at least stage 1 hypertension or have a history of hypertension which is controlled with antihypertensive medication.

      Section 4.3 Vascular Diseases Affecting the Extremities covers the issues of vascular disease in the upper extremities using Table 4-4 (5th ed., 74) and the lower extremities using Table 4-5 (5th ed., 76). In order to rate impairment using this section a specific diagnosis of vascular disease must be established.

      Section 4.4 Diseases of the Pulmonary Arteries requires specialized testing be performed by a skilled physician. Evaluation of impairment in this section must also be evaluated by a physician experienced in the use of the Guides

      Watch for the next article in the series, which will highlight sections of Chapter 5 The Respiratory System.

      Read Past Articles Here
    • Webinar - December 19 - Psychological Workers' Compensation Claims - Answers to Your Unanswered Questions
    • Leclairs

      Date: December 19, 2006
      Time: 1:00 pm Pacific, 2:00 pm Mountain, 3:00 pm Central, 4:00 pm Eastern, 11:00 am Hawaiian

      Participate with us in this new webinar series to increase your practical understanding of how to manage psychological workers’ compensation claims. Your leaders, Drs. Norma and Steve Leclair, are experienced mental health professionals with the unique experience of working both as clinicians and directly with employers, workers’ compensation carriers and disability insurers. What information is relevant when you are determining the work-relatedness of a psychological disorder? How do you assess if the claimant has reached a point of maximum medical improvement? How do you evaluate the validity of an impairment classification for a psychological disorder, based on the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment? What information do you need from the mental health provider and what are the most effective ways to communicate with the provider? We will provide insights into these challenging questions and many others.

      Submit your unanswered question at www.impairment.com/askleclair.htm

      Register in advance, attendance is limited. You will find this client appreciation webinar of great benefit.

      Register for this Event - Limited Attendance
      619-299-7377