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Spinal DRE Ranges and Chapter 18 Pain
DRE Range of Impairment versus Pain
Impairment from Chapter 18 by Craig M. Uejo MD,
MPH
This is the third in a series of articles written to assist
evaluators in their use and interpretation of The AMA Guides
to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition
(Cocchiarella L, Andersson G, AMA Guides to the Evaluation of
Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, AMA Press, 2001). It will
be used to help summarize key points of clarification
documented in past issues of The Guides Newsletter. References
to specific issues will be provided to allow anyone the
opportunity to review the entire issue/article for assistance
in understanding and accuracy of reporting.
This particular article will focus on a common
area of confusion regarding whether the 3% range for DRE
(Diagnosis Related Estimates) categories is duplicative or
mutually exclusive in relation to the 3% additive pain rating
derived from Chapter 18 (the Pain chapter). This particular
issue was discussed in the Question and Answer section of the
May/June 2001 edition of The Guides Newsletter.
A common clinical scenario involving a spine
case is what to do with pain “beyond the expected” for
injuries rated by the DRE methodology. For example, The Guides
Newsletter discussed a case in which a patient had a DRE
Category II impairment (5% to 8% whole person permanent
impairment) and has significant impact to activities of daily
living (ADL’s) including significant pain-related problems.
The question is whether to rate the final impairment as 8%
whole person or 11% whole person (e.g., uprate the DRE to the
higher 8% range and add on 3% for pain)?
The Guides Newsletter, May/June 20011
clarified this situation with the following answer:
- “The Spine and Pain chapter were written by different
committees and each independently developed the 3% range
that encompasses the variability that may exist in
impairment related to pain. If there is significant
interference with ADL’s, the upper range is chosen. The
further up to 3% whole person permanent impairment
referenced in the Pain chapter would be measuring the same
factor. Therefore, including incremental up to 3% whole
person permanent impairment from the Spine chapter and also
incremental up to 3% whole person permanent impairment from
the Pain chapter is duplicative. The evaluator may also
choose to provide a pain-related impairment score, as
directed in Chapter 18. This score, however, is not an
impairment rating.”
In summary, this article discussed the
inappropriate practice of incrementally increasing a spinal
rating for both impact to ADL’s within the DRE range of
impairment based on the Spine Chapter PLUS incrementally
increasing a spinal rating for pain based on the Pain Chapter.
Look for additional articles in this series,
The Guides Newsletter – Important Clinical Concepts from Past
Issues, coming in upcoming issues of this Brigham and
Associates Ezine.
References: Questions and Answers. The Guides
Newsletter May/June 2001.
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Greetings!
In this issue we are providing you a unique resource - free
access to a recorded one hour teleconference call on
impairment rating. You will find the information on spinal
impairment rating very useful; spinal injuries are the most
common rating.
We look forward to seeing those of you that have already
registered for our upcoming seminars! It's not too late to
register if you haven't yet!
We appreciate the opportunity to be of service.
Mindy Brigham Director of Marketing and
Communications
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Advanced Guides Seminars Next Week- Listen to
Teleseminar Preview Call |
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Last week Chris Brigham, MD and Phil Walker, JD shared
unique insights to the AMA Guides during a one hour preview
call for next week's seminar "AMA Guides: The Next Step –
Advanced Skills and Practical Application”. The feedback was
so positive we are sharing the recording with you.
Please click on the link at the end of this article to
hear the recording.
Dr. Brigham and Mr. Walker
discussed challenging areas of the Guides and provided a
preview of some of the content for the upcoming seminar.
Details are below... If you have not yet registered, there is
still time. This advanced seminar will provide attendees with
the knowledge to assess impairment in complex areas such as
multiple upper & lower extremity injuries and
corticospinal tract injuries. There will also be discussion on
common areas of misuse and abuse of the Guides along with
current trends seen with erroneous ratings.
Physicians, attorneys and claims staff are encouraged to
attend.
- August 2, 2006 - Irvine Marriott
- August 4, 2006 - San Francisco Airport Marriott
- Time: 7:30am- 4:30pm
- Register On-Line or Call 619-299-7377 or 888-262-1202
- 7 Hours Credit: CME, MCLE, WCCP
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Click Hear To Listen by an Audio
Postcard that you may forward to colleagues. |
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Training:
High Return on Investment |
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Would you make an investment if you knew you would receive
a return on that investment? Of course!
How can one resist gaining more than they invested?
Training is an area that our clients have proven to themselves
be an area of great returns, when they have invested the time
and money on educating their staff on the Guides.
What type of return best fits your group?
- Physician - Gain on their investment by increasing the
value of their reports and the demand for their services by
providing correct ratings. They also decreasing the time in
preparing a quality impairment rating and are able to
support their ratings.
- Insurers and Claims Management - Gain by decreasing
claims costs due to erroneous impairment ratings.
- Attorney - Gain the ability to better serve their
clients and to win cases by learning how to evaluate and
manage ratings and be effective with cross-examination.
Which group are you?
Think about how this can improve your success and that of
your organization by enhancing quality, increasing your
revenue and decreasing your costs. The calculations are
specific to your volume and organization, but are undoubtedly
result in a great return on investment.
Our firm can provide training on the Guides for your
organization. We can tailor training to the needs of your
organization. Training can be done on-site or web based. For
more information call Mindy Brigham (888) 262-1202.
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Training
Information |
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Multilevel
Degenerative Disk Disease: Which Rating
Method? |
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The Range of Motion (ROM) method should be used for rating
cases with multiple level (or bilateral) radiculopathy,
recurrent radiculopathy, and for multilevel fusions. It is not
used merely for the presence of degenerative disk disease
(including findings of disk herniations or protusions.) As
explained in Section 15.2 Determining the Appropriate Method
for Assessment (5th ed., 379-381) the Range of Motion Method
is used in certain situations. On page 380, at the top left,
item 2 states “when there is multilevel involvement in the
same spinal region (eg, fractures at multiple levels, disk
herniations, or stenosis with radiculopathy at multiple levels
or bilaterally). On the same page at the bottom right item 4
provides further clarity stating “use the ROM method if . .
.there is radiculopathy bilaterally or at multiple levels in
the same spinal region.” In the May/June 2001 Guides
Newsletter Robert Haralson, III, MD, the Spine Chapter Chair,
and I clarified this point in stating “This refers to disk
herniations with radiculopathy at multiple levels or
bilaterally or spinal stenosis with radiculopathy at multiple
levels or bilaterally. Findings of disk herniations are
commonly seen among asymptomatic individuals, and these
findings alone may not significant.” Thus the key feature is
the presence or absence of radiculopathy. Radiculopathy is the
presence of pain, with sensory loss, motor weakness, and/or
muscle stretch reflex alteration in a limb. Without
radiculopathy, imaging changes other than fracture, are not
sufficient to produce an impairment. The common prevalence of
degenerative changes, including disk herniations, is discussed
on page 378 in Section 15.1b Description of Clinical Studies.
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Cumulative
Spinal Trauma: How to Rate? |
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The Guides state on page 379 “When the cause of the
impairment is not easily determined and if the impairment can
be well characterized by the DRE method, the evaluator should
use the DRE method.” Page 383 discusses common imaging
findings, such as herniated disk without radiculopathy and
aging changes and states “the presence of these abnormalities
on imaging studies does not necessarily mean the individual
has an impairment due to an injury.” It is preferable to use
the DRE method. However, the examiner should state that
“cumulative trauma” is not a proven cause of back pain, and
thus, while the examinee’s spinal impairment can be estimated
by the DRE method, the impairment would not be due to
“cumulative trauma”. |
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Update -
Impairment Rating Reviews |
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We appreciate the very favorable feedback on our impairment
review services, and the superb value that this brings to our
clients. Our goal is to assure accurate ratings;
unfortunately, most ratings are erroneous - therefore our
review services are essential.
We have several exciting developments to share with you.
This week we implemented our new online referral process -
even better than our state-of-art approach we have used for
years. You can now provide more specific information about
your referral and upload multiple records. Our detailed
reports will now include a summary page providing you with
essential data. We are now collecting more data on every case
we review - we have the nation's largest database on
impairment assessments. To best service our clients, our San
Diego office is managing California and Hawaii referrals and
our Portland, Maine office is serving our clients for the rest
of the United States and internationally. |
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Services |
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Advanced
Announcement - Online Training |
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In the next issue we will share information about the most
exciting development ever in AMA Guides training - an online
solution with high quality presentations, video and
publications - immediately available. This is the result of
two years of effort - we are finalizing the website and will
share with you the link in the next issue, and provide you
with a free video on impairment assessment of carpal tunnel
syndrome. You are going to be awed by this resource.
We will always be on the cutting edge - providing you with
unique resources that are of tremendous value to you and your
organization. |
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